Japanese Media Overview :: essays research papers fc

Japanese media overview Physically, the mass media in Japan are quite similar to those in any developed nation, although perhaps somewhat more advanced. In organizational structure, however, Japanese media are unique. Individual elements of the Japanese media mix may resemble counterparts in other nations, but the combination is purely Japanese. The primary characteristics of Japanese mass media are the influence of the national daily newspapers and the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (Nihon Hoso Kyokai, or NHK) and the relative lack of localism. The importance of newspapers Japanese media are dominated by five national daily newspapers. The Asahi, Mainichi, Nihon Keizai, Sankei and Yomiuri Shimbun (newspaper) all publish both a morning and an evening edition, with total circulation of more than 40 million copies per day (Cooper-Chen, 1997, p. 53). Of the world’s ten highest daily circulation newspapers, the top three are Japanese, with the fourth highest having a circulation of just over one-third of the circulation of the Yomiuri Shimbun (The United States is not represented in this list) (Cooper-Chen, 1997, p. 54). It is not surprising that Japan has the highest ratio of newspapers to people in the world, with 578 copies per day for every 1000 people (Cooper-Chen, 1997, p. 52). Local newspapers are smaller than the nationals, and many are published only once or twice a week, even in cities with populations above 100,000. However, the national newspapers all have regional sections. The national daily newspapers are also involved in other media. All of the commercial television networks are either affiliated with or owned by a national newspaper (Cooper-Chen, 1997, p. 115). They are also heavily involved in radio broadcasting, although their presence is less influential. Japanese book and magazine readership are also quite impressive. In addition, Japan has a thriving comic book, or manga, industry. Japanese comic books are for all ages and all types of people. One can see people reading manga in restaurants, coffee shops, trains, buses, even schools and offices. Sales of manga for 1984 totaled 297 billion yen (US$ 1.2 billion), although this figure does not include any of the income from manga-related products (Schodt, 1986, p. 138). Nature of television broadcasting There are five major commercial and two public television networks in Japan. The public networks, Nippon Hoso Kyokai (NHK) general and education, are funded by annual license fees paid for every television set in the country. Although NHK is an independent entity, it enjoys a close and favored relationship with the government.

Chattanooga Ice Cream

New Direction for Chattanooga Ice Cream Clint A. Stockton Jack Welch Management Institute Dr. Denis Tocci JWMI 510 11/16/2013 Chattanooga Ice Cream Case The Chattanooga Ice Cream case shows a decline in sales for 5 consecutive years. The Division is headed by Charles Moore. Although Charles Moore was successful in leading teams he seemed to have major issues with this team of vice presidents. According to the Harvard Business Review Chattanooga Ice Cream Case the team was very dysfunctional; they exhibited a lack of trust, high in conflict, disrespectful of each ther and exhibited avoidance issues with accountability.Team members seemed to always lay blame to other member. Moore needs to be more assertive in dismissing the ways of the past and the loss of Stay & Shop business needs to be put aside. Moore needs to give clear direction and assign responsibilities to each team member. Moore needs to convey that team cohesiveness is a must and this will go a long way to help ensure no fu rther loss of business.This paper will examine how Moore's leadership approach contributed to the teams' dysfunction, discuss what the roup of employees themselves could do to better understand the perspectives of each other and their boss as well as make recommendations about Moore should do now to help his team work together and manage conflicts more effectively. Charlie's Leadership Style In assessing where Charlie Moore goes wrong, it's important to look at his leadership style. According to the DISC style, Charlie is a â€Å"Steady (S) Leader. Specifically, this means Charlie operates at a methodical pace and likes leading in an orderly environment. He may readily view leading in a â€Å"fast-paced† environment as intimidating or stressful. His leadership style is collaborative in nature and he values group efforts. Charlie is a cautious leader that seldom leads by authority as he is comfortable working behind the consensus of the group as he doesn't like making decisio ns alone. He is demotivated by competitive environments and changing direction abruptly. He enjoys leading in a harmonic environment with little or no confrontations or conflict.Leaders prepare the organizations for change; Charlie does not build trust nor align his people. Lack of Leadership As a leader Charlie needs to â€Å"prepare organizations for change and help them ope as they struggle through it† (Week 2, Lecture 2). The first evidence of Charlie's failure as a leader is when he calls the group together to communicate the news about losing their major customer. The mood is somber as Charlie calls the group together to â€Å"mourn† (Sloane, The Chattanooga Ice Cream Division, HBR, p. l) and to fgure out what needs to be done about it.As a leader he must exude a sense of â€Å"positive energy' Cack Welch, Winning, p. 84) to prepare his people to act and energize their best thinking to deal with this challenge. His style of (S) may not like change, but e needs t o set a tone of optimism and decisiveness that says that they will come through this challenge successfully. First of all, Moore should master self-leadership for himself. Then encourage and model it for others on the team. Manz indicates that â€Å"Leaders facilitate employee self-set goals and reward effective self-leadership when it does occur.Overall, they create and nurture systems that allow teamwork and a holistic self-leadership culture to flourish† (Charles Manz, 2001 , Leading Others to Lead Themselves, p. 221). I believe that Charlie and Charlie's team would benefit from earning about their own leadership style by taking the Disc and TKI assessments and possibly creating smaller strategically paired teams within the group to come up with a foundation and vision for the direction in which the company should go as a whole.Lack of Candor Another example of where Charlie goes wrong is that he doesn't develop an environment of trust where his people don't hold back â₠¬â€œ even though he may not like conflict. As an example of this, Charlie has several meetings to ask his team what their thoughts are about how to compete. â€Å"When you are an individual contributor, ou try to have all the answers. That's your Job-to be an expert, the best at what you do, maybe even the smartest person in the room. When you are a leader, your Job is to have all the questions†¦Questioning, however, is never enough, following Rule 6: Leaders probe with curiosity that borders on skepticism, making sure your questions unleash debate and raise issues that get action† (Welch, 2005, p. 74). Moore should first create an intentional communication strategy. His management team must understand and support a common vision with a common purpose. This requires clarity. Clarity begins with effective communication. He should make sure communication from his management team reaches all employees.The article by Ferrazzi (Harvard Business Review) indicates three specifi c techniques, developed from the author's research, which can help coworkers collaborate and interact more effectively. The techniques, which are based on creating trust that allows team members to speak candidly, are â€Å"dividing meetings into smaller groups, naming a candor advocate, and teaching how to give and receive feedback with a positive attitude† (Ferrazzi, 2012, Candor, Criticism, and Teamwork, p. 0). Team Dysfunctions The Chattanooga Ice Cream team is dysfunctional for several reasons.Some of those reasons include an absence of trust, avoidance, and not being accountable. Also, there is a lack of commitment amongst some managers. Moore is also looking for buy-in from all members for group decisions. There was no clear cut rule as to how decisions were going to be made. Simply put, Charles Moore failed to incorporate clear operating rules. Week Four 4 Lecture – Building High Performance Teams suggests that â€Å"when managers agree on ground rules in adva nce, the team is uch more likely to run efficiently,† this is especially true with the Chattanooga Ice Cream team.According to Rick Johnson, Charlie could â€Å"Challenge is management team; ask for solutions, assigning both responsibility and empowerment accordingly to utilize individual skills. Ownership of ideas and initiatives builds commitment. Involving the team in creating direction and solutions through empowerment generates commitment to the tasks necessary to meet objectives. A way to get over the major loss of a client and overshadow the â€Å"mourning† effect would be to hallenge the management team to collectively bring in a new client or a few clients that could equal the departure of the one loss, in terms of volume.Also, Moore should create offsite team-building activities on a quarterly basis. The gatherings/ outings should be used to build unification and trust in each other. New Direction for Charles seems to want to be Just another member of the tea m, an individual contributor, wanting to give his part instead of asking the explicit result-driven questions required of him in his leadership role. Welch, goes on to say, â€Å"But that's he Job. You want bigger solutions ask questions; healthy debate, decisions, and actions will get everyone there† (p. 76).There is nowhere to go, if there is no one to lead. The dysfunctions of the team lie with the dysfunctions of the leader and no directions. Regardless of making the wrong or right decision, in regards to the CICC case, if no action is taken, then the company will fail for sure. As a Business Development Executive, I would tend to push the team to research and target other clients to fill the void left by the client lost, eliminating the somberness, creating otivation to accomplish a new goal, and strengthen the team by focusing efforts into one vision.He should run his team through assessments that could help him strategically pair individual weaknesses and strengths tog ether, not only to complement each other going forward but to build credibility as a leader and start to build a foundation for candor, voice, and dignity going forward. Gaining new clients would most likely cost additional funds in the research and marketing and may cause little investment growth up front; however stabilizing the vision with a decision is aking the correct effort to save this company under the current circumstances.

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1264 Words

In the book The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald the plot condemns a common theme throughout the story of, the â€Å"American Dream†. The American Dream to many , is this vision of becoming successful through trials tribulations in our free land, that anybody could achieve whatever it is they want if they work hard for it . The time decade in which the story is written in is referred to as â€Å"The Roaring 20’s†. The 20’s were notorious as it was a time of rapid economic growth,the introduction of the modern consumer culture, and a new vibrant and colorful cultural scene. With the addition of Prohibition, instituted by the Eighteenth Amendment, a business of bootlegging the banned alcohol made a booming amount millionaires and†¦show more content†¦One day, a storm was approaching the lake and he paddled out to warn Mr. Cody of the storm. Having earned Cody’s respect, he took in James on board his yacht as his right hand man a nd assistant. He ended up earning the name â€Å"Jay Gatsby† and they spent months traveling the world and Gatsby was right there side by side with Cody often times saving him from falling over board during his drunken excursions. As a result of this lifestyle with the wealthy Dan Cody, Gatsby fell in love with luxury and wealth. Mr. Cody served as a pivotal influence on Gatsby’s life, he taught him every wise thing he knew and left a very impacting legacy on the young entrepreneur. After being cheated out of acquiring Gatsby’s rightful sum of 25,000 dollars in Mr. Cody’s will, Gatsby devoted the remaining years of his life to becoming a wealthy man and ultimately following the â€Å"American Dream†. Gatsby while stationed it St. Louis falls in love with a lively blonde named Daisy Fay who is coincidentally cousins with his West Egg neighbor Nick Caraway the narrator of the story. Before the war, Daisy attracted the attention of many young soldiers and one of those prominent soldiers was Jay Gatsby. Daisy fell in love with Gatsby and she promised to wait for his return in aims for a healthy long-term romance. However, Daisy’s parents didn t approve of Young Gatsby considering his lack of wealth, for a year Daisy locks

Workplace At Unionized And Non -unionized Workplace Essay

Introduction When we take a look into the organizational environment, two aspects come into play one being the union workplace and the other non-union workplace. Unionized workplace is that where the union negotiates with the employers for an agreement and makes a point that the agreement is followed out. In this agreement,the union talks about its wages, benefits and how their working environment will be. Whereas in a non- unionized workplace, the employer holds the right to make decision for the employees.This paper discusses the differences in the organizational environment of the unionized and non -unionized workplace. Difference in environments of union and non-union workplace With globalization,many changes have been brought up in the workplaces that are leading towards more flexibility and enrollment of the employees (Tong Fay and Anil Verma,2002). â€Å"According to a survey -unionized workers across Canada earned$5- 28/hour more than non-union workers; Women with unions earned more too and got paid more fairly (Why unions? ,2015)†. Thus ,it gives us an idea what changes are being brought about by the unions in comparison to non-union when it comes to the wage sector. The union workplaces give a chance to the members to bargain for their benefits which includes not only social well being but also the say,the right to speak up about their own views therefore giving them the chance to talk about their problems. The union have been progressed to give a fair wageShow MoreRelatedUnion vs Non-Union1321 Words   |  6 PagesUnionized and non-unionized organizations are quite different in how they regulate pay increases for employees. In 2-4 pages expla in each one s strengths and weaknesses. What impact do unions have on the workplace and do you think union membership is going to increase or decrease over the next few years? Unionized organizations:- Union is a group of workers who have come together to make collective decisions about their work and their working conditions. Unions work based on the idea that groupRead MoreLabor Is Beneficial For The Society Or Not?770 Words   |  4 Pagesunion is beneficial for the society or not. There have both advantages and disadvantages for employee and employer in unionized and non-unionized workplace. Also, in the future, union has to try to be more creative to adapt the changing workforce. As employees, union can be beneficial for their communication, productivity, and management. First of all, working in a unionized workplace can protect workers’ benefit because union enhance morale for employee to talk with employers. If workers are not satisfiedRead MoreBenefits Of Unionization For Unionized Workers Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesAdvantages to the Organization for Unionized Unionization offers employees a method for countering employers’ powers to unilaterally change employment conditions. Members elect officers and may hire agents to bargain an employment contract with the owners’ manager. Unionization introduces democracy into the employment relationship. Employees determine, first, whether a majority desires to be represented; second, whom to elect as leaders or hire as agents; third, what workplace issues are most important toRead MoreThe Impact of Labor Relations and Unions1685 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Introduction The impact of unions exceeds the direct benefits enjoyed by member workers. Changes brought about in the workplace through the influence of labor unions have been substantial and far-reaching. Labor unions have effected the perceptions of members of societies with regard to fair wages and total compensation, fringe benefits, workplace safety and protections, and acceptable parameters for workers with regard to age, gender, race, and nation of origin (Mishel Walters, 2003). RegardlessRead MoreHospital Union vs. Non Union795 Words   |  4 PagesMary Greeley Medical Center in Ames, Iowa is a unionized hospital, while Iowa Lutheran Hospital in Des Moines is a non-union facility. Both facilities strive to give its patients excellent care but the working conditions vary somewhat due to the difference between a union and non-union facility. From Mary Greeley’s I interviewed Mrs. Lorna Hamilton, the Emergency/Security Management Coordinator and from the Iowa Lutheran Hospital I interviewed Mr. Jeffrey L. Bebensee, the Security Manager. BothRead MoreWhy Texas Race Racial Discrimination Is Because Of The Size Of Its Population Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesclass-based parties. Lastly, built a plantation-centered agricultural system the traditionalistic view was brought to the United States by people who settled the southern colonies (Elazar, 2000). 3.7.3 Texas Unionized Workers In 2014, the percentage of wages and salary workers who are unionized in Texas account for only 4.8 percent of total employment compared to New York 24.6 percent. Texas with more wages and salary workers of 11,205, only has 543 union members in 2014. On the other hand, New YorkRead MoreUnion Management Relations15863 Words   |  64 Pagesexamining what unions do to managerial practice in the workplace. Unions can be an instrument of social change but even when they play a larger role in society, their core activity remains focused at the workplace. Their principal engagement is with management though their actions may extend to lobbying, politics, and the community at both local and international levels. Therefore, in any consideration of the question, what do unions do to the workplace, it is important to examine the impact of unionsRead MoreThe Future Of The Labor Union1274 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted in the 1800s when Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton continually worked for the equality of women in the workplace. Union formation still has not been easy even today. Over the past decade, the labor union has played a reflective role while helping reshape America. However, the influence of unions has polished and diminished during a long struggle for power within the workplace. The labor union movement has always been risky due to the attitude toward organized labor. After taking a briefRead MoreThe Constitutional Law Of The Canadian Charter Of Rights1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprotection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, sex, age and mental or physical disability†. It is important when recruiting for any workplace you are not discriminating in recruitment and selectio n process in any way. 2. Human Rights Legislation: This legislation forbids discrimination in both employment and the â€Å"provision of goods and services† across Canada. Section 8 of the CanadianRead MoreDo Unions Provide A Benefit For Academic Libraries?900 Words   |  4 Pagesto express dissatisfaction with aspects of their jobs) may make workers more aware of what is wrong with the employer; and that unionized jobs are inherently unpleasant, making higher union wages a compensating differential; both of which lead to the diminishment of job satisfaction. The goal of this study was to compare the job satisfaction of unionized and non-unionized professional librarians working in academic research institutions. The investigation’s hypotheses examined if there was a significant

Epigenetic Research - 756 Words

The penchant for analytical thinking and the scientific system was prevalent in my upbringing, a by-product of being born to two scientists. Therefore, when I began working on epigenetic research on Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) at Saint Louis University, I felt comfortable around the slow, systematic approach studded with jargon heavy language. I was excited to experience molecular biology, to work in the same kind of labs I’d visited as a child. When I applied to the job, FSHD was words linked to the epigenetic status of the D4Z4 sequence. In other words an abstract concept. That was the extent of my understanding until I met a 13 year old FSHD patient. If epigenetic changes are the result of environmental factors or†¦show more content†¦Volunteering at the HRC gave me the opportunity to interact with patients from varied socioeconomic, ethnic and linguistic backgrounds. Every weekend I grew more comfortable navigating the diverse waiting room, wh ether by using my polylingual background to learn key words of Spanish, Arabic, Russian, or Mandarin, or seeing how far a smile and eye contact could go. Years of involuntary practice as the â€Å"agony aunt† for my friends prepared me as an empathetic listener, a skill I employed to ensure the clinic’s visitors received the most comprehensive care. One incident stands out in my memory. Hep A vaccine, I assisted the patient with the phone, I noticed his eyes glazing over between pressing each digit on the phone. Within seconds I would have to wake him and repeat our conversation. That five-minute interaction with him made it clear that the man was far beyond the simple sleep-deprivation he believed it to be. The physician I brought in determined that the man probably suffered from narcolepsy, and I worked to connect him to the appropriate groups and for transportation. It struck me that the man had gone through the entire clinic, received a vaccine, and no one had been able to interact with him long enough in the frenzy of a weekend clinic. He showed me that while medicine did rely on exciting equipment and sophisticated techniques, sometimes a friendly conversation was enough to start making the difference in one man’s health. That direct interaction withShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Epigenetics And Genetics, Research Of Epigenetics, And Diseases Associated With Epigenetics Essay773 Words   |  4 PagesRole of Epigenetics The research of epigenetics has evolved from the twentieth century from two scientists including Conrad H. Waddington and Ernst Hadorn who combined genetics and biology. There was an interest in this study in the 1990s. Research has evolved trying to figure out the changes caused by epigenetic mechanisms. This field is growing as researchers are unraveling environmental and lifestyle influences on genes (Epigenetics, n.d.). This paper will discuss differences in epigenetics and geneticsRead MoreEvaluation Of A Research Technician At The Center For Epigenetic Research927 Words   |  4 Pagesyou earned your baccalaureate degree prior to this past June, please indicate your plans for the upcoming academic year. I have been working as a research technician at the Center for Epigenetic Research at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center since last June and will continue to do so for the upcoming year. My research involves examining the epigenetic changes that occur in cancer progression. Using techniques such as Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and Assays for Transposase Accessible follow byRead MoreEssay about What is Epigenetics and How Can It Effect Me?772 Words   |  4 PagesBefore conducting research and watching numerous informational videos on epigenetics, I would have never believed that when my grandmother was my age, she made dietary decisions that have affected me. Technically speaking, epigenetics simply means above genetics. In other words, epigenetics is the traits that you and I inherit, but do not necessarily necessitate the sequence of genes. I took me a while to actually grasp the concept until I thought of it from a musical perspective. Imagine our DNARead MoreIntroduction:. Epigenetics Studies The Biological Information1364 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Epigenetics studies the biological information that can be inherited in addition to the DNA, through biochemical changes such as methylation and histone modifications that can affect gene expression and lead to a particular phenotype [9]. Epigenetic plasticity can be influenced by internal and external factors, such as the in utero environment of early development [9]. The intrauterine environment can have short and long term effects on the health and future disease state of offspringRead MoreThe Theory Of Maternal Age And Its Influence On The Risk Of Autism Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to reduce the number of children affected by this disorder, we need to first understand what causes it. Researchers have been working diligently over the years, but the exact mechanism of what causes autism is still unknown. The extensive research has been able to rule out factors that do not contribute to autism and has made advancements in possible causative factors. As of right now, it appears that the source is possibly multi-factorial, just like the disorder. Theories that are believedRead MoreBiochemical Approaches On The Import Of Genetics Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesSociogenomics: Biochemical Approaches to Study the Import of Genetics in Social Behaviours Literature Review Sociogenomics is a relatively new research area that isn t very well understood. 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Waddington â€Å"Epigenetic Landscape† 1939, which was followed up and expanded on by Dr. Adrian Bird and Danny Reinberg (1975~) we know that it does exist and it has far reaching implications for future development in medical research and biological development fields. ï‚ § Risk assessment ï‚ § Prevention ï‚ § Progression analysis ï‚ § Prognosis and biomarker development Epigenetics ~ is the term coined to explain a variety of â€Å"bizarre† phenotypic phenomenaRead MoreBehavioral Epigenetics : Biological Heredity And Nurture1428 Words   |  6 Pagesothers do not? Behavioral epigenetics examines how nurture shapes nature, where nature refers to biological heredity and nurture refers to everything that occurs during the animal s lifespan. Epigenetics is the study of alterations in an organism caused by modifications of gene expressions instead of alterations of the genetic code itself. 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Profitable Ratio Analysis of Thorntons Plc Free Essays

Profitablity Ratio Analysis This analysis ratio based on FAME report and annual report of Thortons (PLC) from 2007 to 2010. 1. Gross Profit Margin During period 2007-2010, Thorntons was achieved the highest gross profit margin in 2007. We will write a custom essay sample on Profitable Ratio Analysis of Thorntons Plc or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was increased the sales/revenue 5. 3% (from ? 176. 60m to 186. 00 m). In 2008 the sales was increased 11. 9% (from ? 186. 00m to 208. 12 m) however the gross profit margin was decreased due to the high cost of good sales compare to previous year which was increased 19. 7%. In financial report 2009, the gross profit was declined from 105. 05 m to 104. 969m and declined of gross profit margin from 50. 5% to 48. 87$. In 2010, there was increased in gross profit margin though the sales was decreased from the previous year. In terms of performance against its competitors in similar industry, the performance of Thortons is relatively higher during period 2007-2010 (Figure. 1). The performance of other competitors, Dunhills, only could achieve the 42. 16% in 2010. Compare to its competitors , it was indicated that Thorntons has high gross profit margin, meaning that Thortons has high production efficiency. Having High gross profit margin, Thorntons could pay its operating expense, tax , employee benefits etc. 2. Operating Profit Margin In view of its Operating Profit Margin, Thorntons performance was increased in two consecutive years from 2007 to 2008 with ratio 3. 81 % and 4. 03%. This increase in operating margin was followed by declining in two consecutive years 2009 and 2010 with ratio 3. 77% and 2. 86%. These declined of operating profit margin due to increased in the expenses, especially in employee benefit and inventories expenses which continuously rose from 2007 to 2010. In addition the strategy of company to introduce many new products, increased our multi-channel offer and invested significant sums in new point of sale systems and factory automation has increased the cost. Furthermore the economic downturn from 2009-2010 was pressured the company to achieve better income. Compare to the Thorntons’s competitors, the performance of operating margin is less than Dunhills which achieved operating margin average in four years 16. 8% far above Thorntons and Farrero. The decreased of operating margin was happened with Cadbury which fall from 2007-2008. . RETURN ON SHAREHOLDER FUND (ROSF) ROSF measures the profit against total equity invests by share holder. In this regard, the calculation of profit is using profit before tax while other calculation, using profit after tax. Thorntons has stability performance in the middle range to returning the shareholder funds from 2007 up to 2009 compare to its competitors. However the ROSF was decreased in 2010 due to decrease in profit before tax 2. 4% from 2009 to 2010. On the otherhand, Thorntons still achieved Basic earnings per share which increased by 20. % to 6. 5p (2009: 5. 4p) and its Board was recommended a final dividend of 4. 10p (2009: 4. 85p), making the total dividend for the year 6. 05p (2009: 6. 0) Compare to its competitors, the ratio of ROSF of Thorntons is in the middle level and relatively stable. The company generated profit in continuously 4 years with high level achieved in 2009 with profit attributable to share holder ? 6. 068 m. Cadbury was slump down in 2008 but it was achieved the high ROSF in 2009 almost 90% of other competitors with profit attributable to share holder ? 68. 55 m . 4. RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED(ROCE) Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) is measured the operating profit generated against the long term capital in the business. ROCE ratio of Thorntons was increased from 2007 to 2008, and decreased from 2008 to 2010. Though Thorntons has successfully reduced the Net debt since 2008 to 2010 , however the low achievement is influenced by decreasing in operating profit from 2008 to 2010. Compare to its competitors, the ROCE ratio of Thorntons was in the middle achievement lower than Cadbury in 2009 to 2010. Cadbury was in the negative ROCE in 2008. Dunhills has relatively constant in its ROCE ratio and close to Thorntons in ROCE ratio. If it is further reviewed both Thorntons and Dunhill has very close in average operating profit during period 2007-2010. RECOMENDATION Considering evaluation and analysis of profitability ratios of Thorntons during period 2007-2010 and compare its performance against the competitors in its industry , the following is list of recommendation that could be considered by Thorntons: 1. Since the Revenue (sales) over the years is relatively flat and higher compare to its competitor, it is recommended to reduced the cost of good sales to increase the gross profit by identifying the possibility to reduce the cost from its supply chain operations from procuring raw materials, reducing number of inventories, optimization in line production and goods stock, reviewing the networks selling and model of distribution. It is indicated and might be high opportunity to gain sales revenue by putting right model of contract sales to anticipate the seasonal conditions. 2. To increase the Operating profit, it is recommended that Thortons to reduce the administration expenses or divested especially in outlet which is indicated unprofitable and focus on the optimum selling and distribution model. 3. Increase revenue by continuously develop new innovative product to generate differentiation from its competitors and maintain the domination of market share. Reference: FAME Report http://investors. thorntons. co. uk/download/pdf/annual_report_Final_sep_2010. pdf http://investors. thorntons. co. uk/download/pdf/ar09. pdf http://investors. thorntons. co. uk/download/pdf/Thorntons_AR2008. pdf http://investors. thorntons. co. uk/download/pdf/Thorntons_AR07. pdf How to cite Profitable Ratio Analysis of Thorntons Plc, Essay examples

English Language & Linguistics Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Outline the Advantages and Disadvantages of Making English the Single Language for Business in INDIA. Provide Specific Examples to make your Case. Answer: Introduction India should adopt English as the single language for business. This is because, over the recent past, many multinational companies have turned to the English language as their business language. They have mandated it as the common corporate language with an aim to facilitate communication and major performances across many countries where their product reaches. The diverse functions of multinational companies like Coca-cola, Microsoft, Technology companies like the Nokia, Samsung, and Technicolor has all been addressed by the English language (Rogerson-Revell, 2014, p.137). It might have some of the major reason as to why these companies have chosen to do this for their business. The essay will be looking at the reasons, advantages, and disadvantages of making English the single language for companies in India. Advantages India should adopt English as the single language for business. English has the most number of speakers in the globe with 335 million speakers which are approximately 25% of the total population. Being that many World speakers use English language, India should not be left behind. The reason is that India runs many Multi-national companies. Some like, Nestle, Procter and Gamble, Nokia company. All these companies were founded from different countries. For example, Nokia company was founded at Tampere, the Grand Duchy of Finland and then it spread to other nations (Melitz, 2016, p.583). For this reason, if a company uses the language of its founders all through, it might not be able to extend its services to other peoples who speaks a different language. Therefore, India should make English the language of business to its premises and the overall multinational companies. English is also the official language of India. According to Devanagari, the Indian government has adopted Hindi and then English for the state matters. It means that it has a higher status than many other Indian native languages. Consider the case where the Indians have more than one languages. Some parts of India, for instance, Dravidian-speaking states like the Maharashtra, Punjab and others like West Bengal who use words that are not related to Hindi. It means that, for them to have a common business term within India and also with other states, they need to have unity regarding selecting a business language. The Multinational companies wont work for Indians if the Indian population is not well trained in English language (Luo Shenkar, 2017, p.59). India should adopt English as the single language for business because, the competitive pressure in business is another reason that should make the India adopt English as the only language of business. Failing to diversify the language system of the company, leads to limiting the growth and expansion of the firm opportunities. If India, for this case, does not have a language that other enterprises like Japanese and Chinese companies are adopting, it means that they will be left behind in the International business field. Disadvantages There is also a downside of adopting English as the only business language in India. Many people, especially the consumers, are used to local Hindi language. Selecting a single and foreign language like English which is associated with colonialism is not so much friendly to the Indians. Again, a transition is not easy because the people are not ready for change as it can be recalled that India wanted to even do away with English in the last century though it did not succeed. Having a single business language, that is English, may lead to a drop of performance in many multinational companies from the employee drawbacks (Azam, Chin, Prakash, 2013, p.335). Conclusion In Conclusion, India should adopt English as the single language for business for the reason that, language plays a pivotal role in any business premise. It can lead to the expansion of a company, stagnation or retrogression. India can be in a position to expand its internal business companies by learning English and adopting it as the only business language and also developing the multinational corporations. It would take India a step forward on business development and expand its territories in procuring external business relations. References Melitz, J. (2016). English as a global language. In The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language (pp. 583-615). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Azam, M., Chin, A., Prakash, N. (2013). The returns to English-language skills in India. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 61(2), 335-367. Luo, Y., Shenkar, O. (2017). The Multinational Corporation as a Multilingual Community: Language and Organization in a Global Context. In Language in International Business (pp. 59-92). Springer International Publishing. Rogerson-Revell, P. (2014). Pronunciation matters: Using English for international business communication. Pronunciation Matters Accents of English in the Netherlands and Elsewhere, 137.